A recent umbrella review in British Medical Journal shows that maternal paracetamol (acetaminophen) use during pregnancy does not cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or intellectual disability in children. Researchers examined nine systematic reviews. These covered around 40 observational studies and included tens of thousands of pregnancies.

Some earlier studies suggested a possible connection. However, the review found that these studies had low-quality evidence. Many did not control for confounding factors such as family genetics, shared environment, maternal health, or co-existing medical conditions. These factors could explain the links seen in previous research.

Paracetamol remains a widely recommended treatment for pain and fever during pregnancy. Experts emphasize that untreated fever or pain can pose known risks to fetal development. Therefore, it is important for pregnant women to follow evidence-based guidance on medication use.

🧠 Expert Guidance and Key Findings

The review highlighted key points for healthcare providers and pregnant women:

• Low confidence in prior associations: Earlier studies suggesting links between paracetamol and autism or ADHD may have been influenced by family or environmental factors rather than the drug itself.
• No causal evidence: Current research does not support claims that paracetamol use increases risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.
• Safe use advice: Pregnant individuals should use paracetamol at the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration, and only when medically indicated.
• Ongoing research needed: Researchers encourage high-quality studies with rigorous control for confounding factors, as well as studies examining dosage, timing, and frequency of paracetamol exposure.

Dr. Pia Jensen, one of the lead researchers, stated, “This review provides reassurance for pregnant women and clinicians. When used appropriately, paracetamol remains a safe option for managing pain and fever during pregnancy.”

The findings are particularly timely given widespread public concern about medication safety in pregnancy, helping to clarify misconceptions while supporting evidence-based healthcare decisions.