Maurizio Cattelan, the Italian conceptual artist famous for blending satire, shock, and social commentary, is set to dominate the fall auction season once again. Following last year’s headline-grabbing $6.2 million sale of his banana duct-taped to a wall, Sotheby’s has announced it will auction Cattelan’s notorious solid gold toilet sculpture, America.
The 18-karat gold work, created in 2016, weighs approximately 100 kilograms and will go on public view at Sotheby’s new headquarters in the Breuer Building starting November 8. Installed in a functioning bathroom, the piece will be available for one-by-one viewing, though unlike previous exhibitions, visitors will not be permitted to use it.
In an unprecedented auction twist, Sotheby’s will open bidding on November 18 at the value of the toilet’s gold weight—estimated to be around $10 million. “Cattelan’s incisive commentary on the collision of artistic production and commodity value has never felt more timely,” the auction house said in a statement.
The work is part of an edition of three, plus two artist proofs. The version offered for sale was acquired from Marian Goodman Gallery in 2017. Sotheby’s confirmed there is no irrevocable bid secured ahead of the auction.
America first appeared at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York in 2016, where more than 100,000 visitors lined up to sit upon (and use) the fully functional toilet. The museum called it an exercise in “unprecedented intimacy with a work of art.”
In 2019, another edition of the sculpture was installed at Blenheim Palace in the United Kingdom—Winston Churchill’s birthplace—where it was infamously stolen in a dramatic overnight heist. Authorities believe the $6 million work was dismantled and melted down; it has never been recovered. Three men were later convicted in connection with the theft.
David Galperin, Sotheby’s head of contemporary art, described America as “among Cattelan’s most iconic and influential works.” He noted that the piece marked the artist’s return from a five-year hiatus and encapsulates his long-standing critique of wealth, power, and the institutional art world.
The sculpture’s conceptual roots trace directly to Marcel Duchamp’s groundbreaking 1917 ready-made Fountain. “America is almost impossible to explain without referencing Duchamp,” Galperin said. “Cattelan recreates the readymade rather than repurposing it—and places it in the most unexpected context.”
Sotheby’s will once again accept cryptocurrency as payment—echoing the sale of Cattelan’s banana last year, purchased by Chinese-born crypto billionaire Justin Sun, who later ate it. Crypto collectors are expected to compete alongside established art buyers this November.
Whether viewed as biting political satire, an indictment of capitalism, or simply an audacious luxury object, America remains one of the defining artworks of the 21st century. And next month, one collector will quite literally be sitting on a fortune.


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