Japan may soon make history by electing either its first female Prime Minister or its youngest leader in the modern era, following a vote on Saturday, October 4, 2025, to choose the head of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).

The election pits conservative nationalist Sanae Takaichi, 64, against her more moderate rival Shinjiro Koizumi, 44. Opinion polls also suggest Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi, 64, could be a contender.

A Takaichi or Koizumi victory would mark a significant shift in Japanese politics, either by breaking gender barriers or bringing in a younger generation of leadership.

The outcome of this vote will determine not only the party head but also Japan’s next Prime Minister, given the LDP’s dominant position in the country’s parliament.