Farmers in northern Mexico are battling an intensifying drought while facing a growing dispute over water resources with the United States. The crisis is putting immense pressure on rural communities already struggling to maintain their crops and livestock.

The drought, one of the worst in decades, has dried up rivers, depleted reservoirs, and parched farmland across key agricultural states like Chihuahua and Tamaulipas. Many farmers are reporting significant crop losses, while ranchers are being forced to sell livestock due to a lack of feed and water.

Complicating the crisis is a long-standing water-sharing agreement between Mexico and the U.S., known as the 1944 Water Treaty. Under the treaty, Mexico must deliver a certain amount of water from the Rio Grande to the U.S. each year. However, with domestic supplies running dangerously low, tensions have flared over how much water Mexico can afford to send north.

“We are desperate,” said José Martínez, a farmer from Chihuahua. “We barely have enough water for our families and fields, yet we are still expected to fulfill international commitments.”

Protests have erupted in several farming communities, with demonstrators demanding that the Mexican government prioritize domestic needs over treaty obligations. In some areas, clashes between farmers and federal forces have been reported as authorities attempt to maintain control of key water infrastructure.

The Mexican government insists it is committed to honoring the treaty but has called for flexibility given the severe drought conditions. U.S. officials, however, have expressed concern about the reduced water deliveries, particularly in southern Texas, where water shortages are also impacting agriculture.

Environmental experts warn that climate change is exacerbating the situation, with rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns making droughts more frequent and severe. They stress the need for long-term solutions, such as improved irrigation systems, water conservation efforts, and better binational cooperation.

In the meantime, northern Mexico’s farmers are bracing for a difficult year ahead, with little relief in sight. Many are calling for emergency aid and urgent reforms to ensure that rural communities have the resources they need to survive the mounting water crisis.